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النص محل البحث
Exo 1:5 وَكَانَتْ جَمِيعُ نُفُوسِ الْخَارِجِينَ مِنْ صُلْبِ يَعْقُوبَ سَبْعِينَ نَفْسا. (وَلَكِنْ يُوسُفُ كَانَ فِي مِصْرَ).
توجد قراءة اخرى بدل سبعين نفس , خمس وسبعين نفس فالننظر علي شواهد كلا القرائتين
1:- قراءة سبعين نفس
النص الماسورى [1]
5 וַיְהִי כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ יֹצְאֵי יֶרֶךְ־יַעֲקֹב שִׁבְעִים נָפֶשׁ וְיוֹסֵף הָיָה בְמִצְרָיִם׃
ترجوم اونكيلوس [2]
5 וַהוַאָה כֹל נַפשָתָא נָפְקֵי יִרכָא דְיַעְקֹב שִבעִין נַפשָן וְיֹוסֵף דַהוָה בְמִצרָיִם׃
وترجمته
And the number of all the souls coming from the thigh of Jakob, seventy souls, with Joseph and his sons, who were in Mizraim.
وايضاً اليوبيل يشهد لقراءة سبعين [3]
فيقول كل نفوس يعقوب التى ذهبت الى مصر سبعين نفس
والفولجاتا [4]
erant igitur omnes animae eorum qui egressi sunt de femore Iacob septuaginta Ioseph autem in Aegypto erat
وترجمته [5]
5 And all the souls that came out of Jacob’s thigh, wereseventy: but Joseph was in Egypt.
والبشيتا ترجمه لمزا [6]
And all the persons that came out of the loins of Jacob wereseventy persons;for Joseph was in Egypt already.
2:- شواهد قراءة خمس وسبعين نفس
النص القمرانى [7] في مخطوطه 4Q13 Exodus b
[ 5 ]חמש ושבעים נפש 6 וימת[ ]
والترجمه السبعينيه [8]
5 Ιωσηφ δὲ ἠ̂ν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ. ἠ̂σαν δὲ πα̂σαι ψυχαὶ ἐξ Ιακωβπέντε καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα.
وترجمتها [9]
5 But Joseph was in Egypt. And all the souls born of Jacob were seventy-five
وايضاً المؤرخ يوسيفوس يقول انهم اكثر من سبعين دون تحديد الرقم خمس وسبعين [10]
وينقل لنا جوزيف لينهارد قول كاسيودوروس. [11] ما بين 485.- 580 وهو مؤسس دير فيفاريوم وشجع الرهبان على كتابه النصوص المقدسه [12] فيقول كما في الخروج 75 نفس
فيقول العالمان نويل اوسبورن , هوارد هاتون
ان لجنه hottp وهى مشروع نص العهد القديم قالت . ان هذه الترجمه اليونانيه القديمه ( السبعينيه ) يجب ان تُتبع هنا بدلاً من العبري ( الماسوري ) [13]
فالقرار النقدى واضح ومنتهى, ولكن لنتماشي مع الفرضيتين 70, 75 , اذا قلنا قراءة الماسورى وغيرة (70) هى الأصليه هل نعرف من هم السبعين ؟ واذا قلنا قراءة قمران وغيرة (75) هى الأصليه هل نعرف من هم الخمس وسبعين ؟ بالطبع في جميع الأحوال نعرفهم جيداً فما هى الأشكاليه اذن ؟
فيقول هنرى الفورد [14]
عدد السبعين مكون من الأتى زوجات الأبناء لا تُحسب ودينا 11 ابنا كما في تكوين 46:8 , 4ابناء رأوبين , 6 من شمعون , 3من لاوى , 3و2 من احفاد يهوذا , 4 من يساكر , 3من زبولون , 7ابناء جاء , 4 و 1 ابنه اشر , و2 احفاد , 10 ابناء بنيامين , 1 من دان , 4 من نفتالى = 66 سنُضيف يوسف وابنيه وايضاً يعقوب سيكون 70 نفس
فمن اين اتى رقم 75 ؟
يظهر السبعون في وقت سابق في التكوين 46:27 , “خمس وسبعين ” في اعمال الرسل 7:14 يتم الحصول عليهم عن طريق اضافه خمسه اطفال افرايم ومنسي ( مخطوطات البحر الميت والسبعينيه ” خمس وسبعين ” مقارنه بالاعمال 7:14 [15]
كما يقول تيد كابل
الرقم 70 المذكورة هنا وفي تكوين 46:27 يبدو تناقض مع الرقم الذي قاله اسطفانوس 75 في اعمال 7:14 ويمكن ايضا على الرقم 75 ل الخروج 1:5 داخل السبعينيه , ومخطوطات البحر الميت , ومع ذلك يمكن التوفيق بين هذين الرقمين ويشمل الرقم الأعلى 5 ابناء اخرين لأفرايم ومنسي [16]
References
[1] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. 1996, c1925 (Ex 1:4). Stuttgart: German Bible Society; Westminster Seminary.
[2] Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon. (2005; 2005). Targum Onqelos to the Pentateuch; Targum Onkelos (Ex 1:4-5). Hebrew Union College
[3] Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament. 2004 (R. H. Charles, Ed.) (2:76). Bellingham,, 33 And all the souls of Jacob which went into Egypt were seventy souls. These are his children and his children’s children, in all seventy; but five died in Egypt before Joseph, and had no children. 34 And in the land of Canaan two sons of Judah died, Er and Onan, and they had no children, and the children of Israel buried those who perished, and they were reckoned among the seventy Gentile nations..
.
[4] Biblia Sacra Vulgata : Iuxta Vulgatem Versionem. 1969; Published in electronic form by Logos Research Systems, 1996 (electronic edition of the 3rd edition.) (Ex 1:5). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.
[5] The Holy Bible, Translated from the Latin Vulgate. 2009 (Ex 1:5). Bellingham, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[6] Lamsa Translation peshitta
[7] Logos Bible Software. (2010). 4Q13 Exodus b (Ex 1:3-6). Bellingham,
[8] Septuaginta. 1979; Published in electronic form by Logos Research Systems, 1996 (electronic ed.) (Ex 1:5). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.
[9] Brenton, L. C. L. (1870). The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament: English Translation (Ex 1:5). London: Samuel Bagster and Sons
[10] Josephus, F., & Whiston, W. (1996, c1987). The works of Josephus : Complete and unabridged. Includes index. (Ant 2.214). Peabody: Hendrickson,, That by my assistance, said he, he did great exploits in war, which, unless you be yourselves impious, you must still remember. As for Jacob, he became well known to strangers also, by the greatness of that prosperity in which he lived, and left to his sons, who came into Egypt with no more than seventy souls, while you are now become above six hundred thousand.
[11] Lienhard, J. T., & Rombs, R. J. (2001). Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture OT 3. (1). Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press,, Soul Means Person. Cassiodorus: Scripture often substitutes “souls” for men, as in Exodus: “There went down to Egypt seventy-five souls.”1 The whole man is to be understood from his better part. Exposition of the Psalms 33.23.2
[12] Introduction and Biographical Information. 2005. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture. (489). Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press,, Cassiodorus (c. 485–c. 580). Founder of the monastery of Vivarium, Calabria, where monks transcribed classic sacred and profane texts, in Greek and Latin, preserving them for the Western tradition…
.
[13] Osborn, N. D., & Hatton, H. (1999). A handbook on Exodus. UBS handbook series; Helps for translators (16). New York: United Bible Societies,, The Preliminary and Interim Report on the Hebrew Old Testament Text Project (hottp) recommends that this ancient Greek translation, the Septuagint, be followed rather than the Hebrew. The reasons for this are not yet widely accepted by biblical scholars, so it is better to follow the Hebrew wording of “seventy” until there are more who support this change. However,.
[14] Alford, H. (1872). The Book of Genesis and Part of the Book of Exodus (219). London: Strahan & Co,, 5.] The number of seventy is made out thus: the sons’ wives not being counted, we have (1) 11 sons: (2) as in Gen. 46:8, ff., 4 sons of Reuben, 6 of Simeon, 3 of Levi, 3 and 2 grandsons of Judah, 4 of Issachar, 3 of Zebulun, Dinah, 7 sons of Gad, 4 and 1 daughter of Asher, and 2 grandsons, 10 sons of Benjamin, 1 of Dan, 4 of Naphtali, = 66 in all: to whom must be added Joseph and his 2 sons, excepted from the immigrants but having come out of the loins of Jacob: and—for there can hardly be a doubt of this—Jacob himself,.
[15] The Open Bible : New King James Version. 1998, c1997. Includes indexes. (electronic ed.) (Ex 1:5). Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers,, 1:5 Seventy appears earlier in Gen. 46:27. The “seventy-five” of Acts 7:14 is obtained by adding the five children of Ephraim and Manasseh (Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint, seventy-five; compare Acts 7:14
[16] Cabal, T., Brand, C. O., Clendenen, E. R., Copan, P., Moreland, J., & Powell, D. (2007). The Apologetics Study Bible: Real Questions, Straight Answers, Stronger Faith (85). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers,, 1:5 The number 70 mentioned here and in Gn 46:27 seems to contradict Stephen’s figure of 75 in Ac 7:14. The number 75 can also be found at Ex 1:5 within the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the OT) and the Dead Sea Scrolls. However, these two numbers can be reconciled. The higher figure includes 5 additional sons born to Ephraim and Manasseh.
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Exo 1:5 وَكَانَتْ جَمِيعُ نُفُوسِ الْخَارِجِينَ مِنْ صُلْبِ يَعْقُوبَ سَبْعِينَ نَفْسا. (وَلَكِنْ يُوسُفُ كَانَ فِي مِصْرَ).
توجد قراءة اخرى بدل سبعين نفس , خمس وسبعين نفس فالننظر علي شواهد كلا القرائتين
1:- قراءة سبعين نفس
النص الماسورى [1]
5 וַיְהִי כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ יֹצְאֵי יֶרֶךְ־יַעֲקֹב שִׁבְעִים נָפֶשׁ וְיוֹסֵף הָיָה בְמִצְרָיִם׃
ترجوم اونكيلوس [2]
5 וַהוַאָה כֹל נַפשָתָא נָפְקֵי יִרכָא דְיַעְקֹב שִבעִין נַפשָן וְיֹוסֵף דַהוָה בְמִצרָיִם׃
وترجمته
And the number of all the souls coming from the thigh of Jakob, seventy souls, with Joseph and his sons, who were in Mizraim.
وايضاً اليوبيل يشهد لقراءة سبعين [3]
فيقول كل نفوس يعقوب التى ذهبت الى مصر سبعين نفس
والفولجاتا [4]
erant igitur omnes animae eorum qui egressi sunt de femore Iacob septuaginta Ioseph autem in Aegypto erat
وترجمته [5]
5 And all the souls that came out of Jacob’s thigh, wereseventy: but Joseph was in Egypt.
والبشيتا ترجمه لمزا [6]
And all the persons that came out of the loins of Jacob wereseventy persons;for Joseph was in Egypt already.
2:- شواهد قراءة خمس وسبعين نفس
النص القمرانى [7] في مخطوطه 4Q13 Exodus b
[ 5 ]חמש ושבעים נפש 6 וימת[ ]
والترجمه السبعينيه [8]
5 Ιωσηφ δὲ ἠ̂ν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ. ἠ̂σαν δὲ πα̂σαι ψυχαὶ ἐξ Ιακωβπέντε καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα.
وترجمتها [9]
5 But Joseph was in Egypt. And all the souls born of Jacob were seventy-five
وايضاً المؤرخ يوسيفوس يقول انهم اكثر من سبعين دون تحديد الرقم خمس وسبعين [10]
وينقل لنا جوزيف لينهارد قول كاسيودوروس. [11] ما بين 485.- 580 وهو مؤسس دير فيفاريوم وشجع الرهبان على كتابه النصوص المقدسه [12] فيقول كما في الخروج 75 نفس
فيقول العالمان نويل اوسبورن , هوارد هاتون
ان لجنه hottp وهى مشروع نص العهد القديم قالت . ان هذه الترجمه اليونانيه القديمه ( السبعينيه ) يجب ان تُتبع هنا بدلاً من العبري ( الماسوري ) [13]
فالقرار النقدى واضح ومنتهى, ولكن لنتماشي مع الفرضيتين 70, 75 , اذا قلنا قراءة الماسورى وغيرة (70) هى الأصليه هل نعرف من هم السبعين ؟ واذا قلنا قراءة قمران وغيرة (75) هى الأصليه هل نعرف من هم الخمس وسبعين ؟ بالطبع في جميع الأحوال نعرفهم جيداً فما هى الأشكاليه اذن ؟
فيقول هنرى الفورد [14]
عدد السبعين مكون من الأتى زوجات الأبناء لا تُحسب ودينا 11 ابنا كما في تكوين 46:8 , 4ابناء رأوبين , 6 من شمعون , 3من لاوى , 3و2 من احفاد يهوذا , 4 من يساكر , 3من زبولون , 7ابناء جاء , 4 و 1 ابنه اشر , و2 احفاد , 10 ابناء بنيامين , 1 من دان , 4 من نفتالى = 66 سنُضيف يوسف وابنيه وايضاً يعقوب سيكون 70 نفس
فمن اين اتى رقم 75 ؟
يظهر السبعون في وقت سابق في التكوين 46:27 , “خمس وسبعين ” في اعمال الرسل 7:14 يتم الحصول عليهم عن طريق اضافه خمسه اطفال افرايم ومنسي ( مخطوطات البحر الميت والسبعينيه ” خمس وسبعين ” مقارنه بالاعمال 7:14 [15]
كما يقول تيد كابل
الرقم 70 المذكورة هنا وفي تكوين 46:27 يبدو تناقض مع الرقم الذي قاله اسطفانوس 75 في اعمال 7:14 ويمكن ايضا على الرقم 75 ل الخروج 1:5 داخل السبعينيه , ومخطوطات البحر الميت , ومع ذلك يمكن التوفيق بين هذين الرقمين ويشمل الرقم الأعلى 5 ابناء اخرين لأفرايم ومنسي [16]
References
[1] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. 1996, c1925 (Ex 1:4). Stuttgart: German Bible Society; Westminster Seminary.
[2] Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon. (2005; 2005). Targum Onqelos to the Pentateuch; Targum Onkelos (Ex 1:4-5). Hebrew Union College
[3] Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament. 2004 (R. H. Charles, Ed.) (2:76). Bellingham,, 33 And all the souls of Jacob which went into Egypt were seventy souls. These are his children and his children’s children, in all seventy; but five died in Egypt before Joseph, and had no children. 34 And in the land of Canaan two sons of Judah died, Er and Onan, and they had no children, and the children of Israel buried those who perished, and they were reckoned among the seventy Gentile nations..
.
[4] Biblia Sacra Vulgata : Iuxta Vulgatem Versionem. 1969; Published in electronic form by Logos Research Systems, 1996 (electronic edition of the 3rd edition.) (Ex 1:5). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.
[5] The Holy Bible, Translated from the Latin Vulgate. 2009 (Ex 1:5). Bellingham, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[6] Lamsa Translation peshitta
[7] Logos Bible Software. (2010). 4Q13 Exodus b (Ex 1:3-6). Bellingham,
[8] Septuaginta. 1979; Published in electronic form by Logos Research Systems, 1996 (electronic ed.) (Ex 1:5). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.
[9] Brenton, L. C. L. (1870). The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament: English Translation (Ex 1:5). London: Samuel Bagster and Sons
[10] Josephus, F., & Whiston, W. (1996, c1987). The works of Josephus : Complete and unabridged. Includes index. (Ant 2.214). Peabody: Hendrickson,, That by my assistance, said he, he did great exploits in war, which, unless you be yourselves impious, you must still remember. As for Jacob, he became well known to strangers also, by the greatness of that prosperity in which he lived, and left to his sons, who came into Egypt with no more than seventy souls, while you are now become above six hundred thousand.
[11] Lienhard, J. T., & Rombs, R. J. (2001). Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture OT 3. (1). Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press,, Soul Means Person. Cassiodorus: Scripture often substitutes “souls” for men, as in Exodus: “There went down to Egypt seventy-five souls.”1 The whole man is to be understood from his better part. Exposition of the Psalms 33.23.2
[12] Introduction and Biographical Information. 2005. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture. (489). Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press,, Cassiodorus (c. 485–c. 580). Founder of the monastery of Vivarium, Calabria, where monks transcribed classic sacred and profane texts, in Greek and Latin, preserving them for the Western tradition…
.
[13] Osborn, N. D., & Hatton, H. (1999). A handbook on Exodus. UBS handbook series; Helps for translators (16). New York: United Bible Societies,, The Preliminary and Interim Report on the Hebrew Old Testament Text Project (hottp) recommends that this ancient Greek translation, the Septuagint, be followed rather than the Hebrew. The reasons for this are not yet widely accepted by biblical scholars, so it is better to follow the Hebrew wording of “seventy” until there are more who support this change. However,.
[14] Alford, H. (1872). The Book of Genesis and Part of the Book of Exodus (219). London: Strahan & Co,, 5.] The number of seventy is made out thus: the sons’ wives not being counted, we have (1) 11 sons: (2) as in Gen. 46:8, ff., 4 sons of Reuben, 6 of Simeon, 3 of Levi, 3 and 2 grandsons of Judah, 4 of Issachar, 3 of Zebulun, Dinah, 7 sons of Gad, 4 and 1 daughter of Asher, and 2 grandsons, 10 sons of Benjamin, 1 of Dan, 4 of Naphtali, = 66 in all: to whom must be added Joseph and his 2 sons, excepted from the immigrants but having come out of the loins of Jacob: and—for there can hardly be a doubt of this—Jacob himself,.
[15] The Open Bible : New King James Version. 1998, c1997. Includes indexes. (electronic ed.) (Ex 1:5). Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers,, 1:5 Seventy appears earlier in Gen. 46:27. The “seventy-five” of Acts 7:14 is obtained by adding the five children of Ephraim and Manasseh (Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint, seventy-five; compare Acts 7:14
[16] Cabal, T., Brand, C. O., Clendenen, E. R., Copan, P., Moreland, J., & Powell, D. (2007). The Apologetics Study Bible: Real Questions, Straight Answers, Stronger Faith (85). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers,, 1:5 The number 70 mentioned here and in Gn 46:27 seems to contradict Stephen’s figure of 75 in Ac 7:14. The number 75 can also be found at Ex 1:5 within the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the OT) and the Dead Sea Scrolls. However, these two numbers can be reconciled. The higher figure includes 5 additional sons born to Ephraim and Manasseh.
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